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转发+评论=抽取10名幸运儿免费获赠《暗网》
我们由这个世界而来，也窒息于这个世界，网络提供了可呼吸的空间了吗？没有，因为还有暗网，那暗网能让我们呼吸吗？不能，因为我们不是赛博格，因为我们最后还是要在这个世界生活并过完我们的一辈子。
这是我看的一本叫《暗网》的书的评论。
“暗网”一词第一次在国内被大众所广泛认知，是从2017年中国访美女学者章莹颖遇害开始的。在这一事件的发酵下，“暗网”给我们留下了暗杀市场、人肉搜索、比特币犯罪、非法枪支交易、伪造美国护照、隐秘毒品交易、色情直播、自杀联盟等黑暗和罪恶的印象。但真实的暗网到底是怎样的一个世界呢？
《暗网》作者杰米·巴特利特，也是我们下面要看的TED视频的主讲人，曾耗时4年，在暗网潜伏，并在线下与采访对象见面，其中有执拗顽固的种族主义者、污力十足的成人色情女主播、冷漠冰山的比特币犯罪天才。甚至他亲身体验了一次在暗网购买毒品的经历。进而完成了这本《暗网》。
我们一起走进杰米·巴特利特的演讲，了解暗网的秘密：
If you want to buy high-quality, low-price cocaine, there really is only one place to go, and that is the dark net anonymous markets.
如果你想买质优价廉的可卡因，你只能去一个地方，那就是暗网匿名市场。
anonymous匿名的
Now,you can't get to these sites with a normal browser -- Chrome or Firefox --because they're on this hidden part of the Internet, known as Tor hidden services, where URLs are a string of meaningless numbers and letters that end in .onion, and which you access with a special browser called the Tor browser.
如今通过一个普通的浏览器如谷歌或者火狐，你是不能来进入这种网站的 -- 因为他们是因特网的一个叫做 Tor 隐藏服务的隐秘角落：它把URL变成一串没有任何意义的数字和字母，以.onion（洋葱）结尾，你要用一个叫做Tor 的特殊浏览器来连接它。
browser浏览器
Now, the Tor browser was originally a U.S. Naval intelligence project. It then became open source, and it allows anybody to browse the net without giving awaytheir location. And it does this by encrypting your IP address and then routing it via several other computers around the world that use the same software.
Tor 浏览器原本是一个美国海军情报项目，之后它便成了开放资源，任何人在自己位置不被公开的前提下都能浏览网页。它通过加密你的IP地址，并且在全世界都在用这个软件的电脑中不断变换来实现这个功能。
intelligence 情报 智力
encrypt 加密
You can use it on the normal Internet, but it's also your key to the dark net. And because of this fiendishly clever encryption system, the 20 or 30 -- we don't know exactly -- thousand sites that operate there are incredibly difficult to shut down. It is a censorship-free world visited by anonymous users.
你在普通的网页也可以用它，但是它也是通往暗网的钥匙。因为这个机智到可恶的转换系统，两万或三万 -- 我们不知道到底有多少 -- 在它上面运营的成千上万的网页都基本不可能被关闭。这是一个被匿名者浏览且没有审查的世界。
fiendishly 残酷地
censorship-free 免于审查
Little wonder, then, that it's a natural place to go for anybody with something to hide, and that something, of course, need not be illegal. On the dark net, you will find whistle-blower sites, The New Yorker.
没有多少疑问，如果有人要隐藏什么，它自然是最好的选择，那个东西，当然了，也许并非违法。在暗网上，你会找到告发丑闻的爆料网站，纽约客。
illegal 非法的
whistle-blower 告密者
You will find political activism blogs. You will find libraries of pirated books. But you'll also find the drugs markets, illegal pornography, commercial hacking services, and much more besides.
你会找到政治激进分子的博客。你会找到盗版书图书馆。但你也会找到毒品交易市场，非法色情品以及商业黑客服务等等。
pirated books 盗版书
pornography 色情文学
Now, the dark net is one of the most interesting, exciting places anywhere on the net. And the reason is, because although innovation, of course, takes place in big businesses, takes place in world-class universities, it also takes place in the fringes, because those on the fringes -- the pariahs, the outcasts -- they're often the most creative, because they have to be.
现在，暗网已经成为了互联网上最有趣最刺激的地方。原因是，尽管我们一直认为只有大商业企业或者综合性的顶级大学才会一直在追求创新发展，创新其实也发生在一些社会边缘人群中，因为那些边缘人群 -- 社会底层人群，那些被社会抛弃的群体-- 常常是最有创造力的，因为他们不得不这样。
fringe 边缘
pariah 被社会遗弃者
outcast 被抛弃者
In this part of the Internet, you will not find a single lolcat, a single pop-upa dvert anywhere. And that's one of the reasons why I think many of you here will be on the dark net fairly soon.
在这部分网络中，你不会发现任何一只喵星图，任何一个弹窗广告。这是其中一个原因，为何我认为在座的很多人很快就会开始使用暗网。(Laughter)（笑）
lolcat 欢乐喵星人（互联网流行文化）
pop-up advert 弹窗广告
Not that I'm suggesting anyone in this audience would use it to go and procure high-quality narcotics. But let's say for a moment that you were. 我并非建议在座所有人应该去用暗网，去获得高质量的毒品。但此刻瞬间，假装现在你们都要这样做。(Laughter)（笑）
narcotic 麻醉药，毒品
Bear with me. The first thing you will notice on signing up to one of these sites is how familiar it looks. Every single product -- thousands of products -- has a glossy, high-res image, a detailed product description, a price. There's a "Proceed to checkout" icon. There is even, most beautifully of all, a "Report this item" button.
忍受我一下哈！首先，当你在这些网页上注册的时候，你会感到这些页面很眼熟。每一款产品 -- 上千款产品 -- 都有高清图片，详细的产品介绍和价格。有一个 ”去结算“按钮。甚至还有一个，非常漂亮惊人的 ”举报这个物品“按钮。(Laughter)（笑）
high-res=High Resolution 高清晰度
Incredible.
让人难以置信。
You browse through the site, you make your choice, you pay with the crypto-currency bitcoin, you enter an address -- preferably not your home address -- and you wait for your product to arrive in the post, which it nearly always does. And the reason it does is not because of the clever encryption. That's important. Something far simpler than that. It's the user reviews.
当你浏览这些网页的时候，你要做出选择，你用网络货币比特币支付，你输入一个地址 -- 应该不会是你的家庭住址 -- 你等着你的物品被送到你手里，它们总会被送到的。之所以说它们会被送到，是因为那个机智的转换加密系统。那很重要。还有更简单的：用户评价。(Laughter)（笑）
bitcoin 比特币
user review 用户评论
You see, every single vendor on these sites uses a pseudonym, naturally enough, but they keep the same pseudonym to build up a reputation. And because it's easy for the buyer to change allegiance whenever they want, the only way of trusting a vendor is if they have a good history of positive feedback from other users of the site.
你懂得，每个卖家在这些网页上，极其自然地用个化名，但他们会用同一个化名来积累人气。因为买家要改名，任何时候都可以，只要他们愿意。唯一的一个办法能让他们信任一个卖家，就是那个卖家在这个网页其他用户反馈中，有一个很好的声誉和交易记录。
pseudonym 假名，化名
allegiance 忠诚
And this introduction of competition and choice does exactly what the economists would predict. Prices tend to go down, product quality tends to go up, and the vendors are attentive, they're polite, they're consumer-centric, offering you all manner of special deals, one-offs, buy-one-get-one-frees, free delivery, to keep you happy.
这种竞争与选择的关系，会完全按照经济学家的预测的那样发展下去。价格会下降，产品质量会上升。卖家对买家高度关注，他们以礼相待，把顾客当上帝，给你介绍所有的特殊优惠，买一赠一，免费运送，博你欢心。
one-off 一次性的
I spoke to Drugsheaven. Drugsheaven was offering excellent and consistent marijuana at a reasonable price. He had a very generous refund policy, detailed T's and C's, and good shipping times.
我与“毒品天堂”聊过。 “毒品天堂源源不断提供物美价廉的大麻。他有一个大度的退货政策、详细的介绍和条款，以及非常及时的物流时间。
marijuana 大麻
refund 退货
"Dear Drugsheaven," I wrote, via the internal emailing system that's also encrypted, of course. "I'm new here. Do you mind if I buy just one gram of marijuana?"
我在网络的匿名邮件系统中写到：“亲爱的毒品天堂，我是新来的。你能卖给我一克大麻吗？”
A couple of hours later, I get a reply. They always reply.
几小时后，我得到了回复。他们绝对会回复你。
"Hi there, thanks for your email. Starting small is a wise thing to do. I would,too, if I were you."
“亲，你好，谢谢你的邮件，从小剂量开始是很明智的做法。如果我是你，我也会这么做。” (Laughter)（笑）
"So no problem if you'd like to start with just one gram. I do hope we can do business together. Best wishes, Drugs-heaven."
“所以如果你只想买一克，是可以的。希望我们能够一起做生意。祝好，毒品天堂。” (Laughter)（笑）
I don't know why he had a posh English accent, but I assume he did.
我不知道为什么他有英国的上层社会口音，但我认为他有。
posh 时髦的
Now, this kind of consumer-centric attitude is the reason why, when I reviewed 120,000 pieces of feedback that had been left on one of these sites over a three-month period, 95 percent of them were five out of five. The customer, you see, is king.
现在，这种以顾客为中心的态度，解释了为什么，当我浏览三个月的时间内留下的12万条用户反馈时，95%给了五星。你瞧瞧，顾客，是王道啊。
But what does that mean? Well, on the one hand, that means there are more drugs, more available, more easily, to more people. And by my reckoning, that is not a good thing.
但是这又意味着什么？一方面，这意味着现在有更多的毒品可以更加便捷更容易被更多的人买到。我想，这并非好事。
But, on the other hand, if you are going to take drugs, you have a reasonably good way of guaranteeing a certain level of purity and quality, which is incredibly important if you're taking drugs. And you can do so from the comfort of your own home, without the risks associated with buying on the streets.
但在另一方面，如果你想要吸毒，你会有一个合情合理的途径来确保你的毒品的纯度和质量，如果你要吸毒，这是非常重要的。你可以安安心心的在家里买到毒品，而不是冒在街上购买而提心吊胆。
guarantee 确保
risk 风险 take risks冒险
Now, as I said, you've got to be creative and innovative to survive in this market place. And the 20 or so sites that are currently in operation -- by the way, they don't always work, they're not always perfect; the site that I showed you was shut down 18 months ago, but not before it had turned over a billion dollars' worth of trade.
现在，如同我所说，你要创造、创新，才能在这个市场中生存下来。顺便说一下，在20多家正在营业的店铺网站中，他们并不是一直都会开业，也不总是很完美；刚才我给你们展示的网站，在18个月前就被关闭了，但是在此之前，它已经完成了近十亿美金的交易。
But these markets, because of the difficult conditions in which they are operating, the in hospitable conditions, are alwaysinnovating, always thinking of ways of getting smarter, more decentralized, harder to censor, and more customer-friendly.
由于营业环境复杂困难，风险高，这些市场一直在创新，一直在想办法更巧妙地营销。也就是做到分散化，不要被审查到，更以顾客为中心。
decentralized 去中心化
censor 审查
Let's take the payment system. You don't pay with your credit card, of course -- that would lead directly back to you. So you use the crypto-currency bitcoin, which is easily exchanged for real-world currencies and gives quite a high degree of anonymity to its users.
我们看一看支付系统。你不用你的信用卡付款，当然了 -- 这会让你的身份暴露。所以你用网络货币比特币，很容易就能换成现实世界的现金，并且能高度保护用户隐私。
crypto-currency网络货币
But at the beginning of these sites, people noticed a flaw. Some of the unscrupulous dealers were running away with peoples' bitcoin before they'd mailed the drugs out. The community came up with a solution, called multi-signature escrow payments.
刚开始有这些网站的时候，人们发现了一个漏洞。一些可恶的卖家携款逃跑，而不给你寄毒品。这个团体想出了一个解决方法：多重签名第三方契约系统。
unscrupulous 肆无忌惮的
escrow 第三方托管
So on purchasing my item, I would send my bitcoin to a neutral, secure third digital wallet. The vendor, who would see that I'd sent it, would be confident that they could then send the product to me, and then when I received it, at least two of the three people engaged in the transaction -- vendor, buyer, site administrator -- would have to sign the transaction off with a unique digital signature, and then the money would be transferred. 当我购买物品，我能把我的比特币寄出去，到一个中立的安全的第三方电子钱包。卖家会看到我已经寄出去了，就相信他们可以把毒品寄给我了，当我收到的时候，至少2-3人参与了这次交易－－卖家，买家，网站管理者，要联手签名通过这次交易，通过一个独特的电子签名，然后，钱就能被转账到卖家那里的。
transaction 交易
Brilliant! Elegant! It works!
厉害！优雅。实用。
But then they realized there was a problem with bitcoin, because every bitcoin transaction is actually recorded publicly in a public ledger. So if you're clever, you can try and work out who's behind them. So they came up with a tumbling service. Hundreds of people send their bitcoin into one address, they're tumbled and jumbled up, and then the right amount is sent on to the right recipients, but they're different bitcoins: micro-laundering systems.
但是他们意识到比特币有个问题，因为每次的比特币交易都会被一个公共账簿记录下来，所以如果你足够聪明，你就能发现谁在幕后操作。所以他们研究出了一种滚动转移服务。上百人把他们的比特币转到一个地址下，它们”翻滚“并杂乱地混在一起，然后，正确的金额被转账到正确的接受人那里，但这些是不同的比特币了：微型洗钱系统。(Laughter)（笑）
ledger 分类账目
tumbling service 滚动转移服务
It'sincredible.
这很不可思议。
Interested in what drugs are trending right now on the dark net markets? Check Grams, the search engine. You can even buy some advertising space.
对现在毒品销售在暗网上的趋势感兴趣？试一下Grams，一个搜索引擎。你甚至可以买一些广告位。(Laughter)（笑）
Are you an ethical consumer worried about what the drugs industry is doing? Yeah. One vendor will offer you fair trade organic cocaine.
你是一个有道德的顾客，担忧现在制毒产业的发展情形？是的。一个卖家能给你价格公道的有机可卡因。(Laughter)（笑）
ethical 道德的，伦理的
That's not being sourced from Colombian druglords, but Guatemalan farmers. They even promised to reinvest 20 percent of any profits into local education programs.
这些不是从哥伦比亚的毒枭那里买的，而是从瓜地马拉的农民那里拿到的。他们甚至承诺会把利润的20% 投资到当地教育中。(Laughter)（笑）
druglord 毒枭
There's even a mystery shopper.
甚至还有一个神秘的买家。
Now, whatever you think about the morality of these sites -- and I submit that it's not actually an easy question -- the creation of functioning, competitive, anonymous markets, where nobody knows who anybody else is, constantly at risk of being shut down by the authorities, is a staggering achievement, a phenomenalachievement. And it's that kind of innovation that's why thoseon the fringesare often the harbingers of what is to come.
不管你对这些网站的道德作风有何想法 -- 我承认建立这样的网站都不是一个容易的问题 -- 它是一个运转流畅，竞争激烈的匿名市场，在那里每个人都不知道对方是谁，一直承受着被当局关掉的风险，这是一个惊人的成就，一个伟大的成就。就是这种创新，让那些边缘产业和人们，成为未来的先知。
staggering 难以置信的
harbinger 预言者 先知
It's easy to forget that because of its short life, the Internet has actually changed many times over the last 30 years or so. It started in the '70s as a military project, morphed in the 1980s to an academic network, co-opted by commercial companies in the '90s, and then invaded by all of us via social media in the noughties, but I think it's going to change again. And I think things like the dark net markets -- creative, secure, difficult to censor -- I think that's the future.
很容易就被忘记的是，因为它很短命，互联网其实已经经历了几次改变，在30年的时间中。它在70年代由一个军事项目而启动，在1980年代转变成了学术网络， 90年代被商业公司合作经营，现在被我们所有人以社交网络入侵，但是我觉得它还会改变。一些东西就像暗网市场 -- 富有创造力，安全，很难去审查 --我相信这就是未来。
morph 变体，改变
noughties 二十世纪头十年
And the reason it's the future is because we're all worried about our privacy. Surveys consistently show concerns about privacy. The more time we spend online, the more we worry about them, and those surveys show our worries are growing. We're worried aboutwhat happens to our data. We're worried about who might be watching us.
为什么呢，因为我们都很在意我们的隐私。调查一直在显示对于隐私保护的关注。我们花更多时间上网我们就更担心，这些调查显示我们的焦虑正在增长。我们关心我们的数据会怎样。我们担心谁在监视着我们。
Since the revelations from Edward Snowden, there's been a huge increase in the number of people using various privacy-enhancing tools. There are now between two and three million daily users of the Tor browser, the majority of which use isperfectly legitimate, sometimes even mundane.
因为爱德华·斯诺登的爆料，现在越来越多的人们，开始使用加强隐私保护的工具。现在有两百到三百万的日常用户使用Tor浏览器。大部分用来做完全合法的事情，有时候只是用于很普通的浏览。
legitimate 合法的
mundane 世俗的，普通的
And there are hundreds ofactivists around the world working on techniques and tools to keep you private online -- default encrypted messaging services.
全世界有数百个积极分子使用技术和工具来帮助你保护隐私 -- 默认信息加密服务。
default 默认，未履行
Ethereum, which is a project which tries to link up the connected but unused hard drives of millions of computers around the world, to create a sort of distributed Internet that no onereally controls. Now, we've had distributed computing before, of course. We use it for everything from Skype to the search for extraterrestrial life. But you add distributed computing and powerful encryption -- that's very, very hard to censor and control. Another called MaidSafe works on similar principles. Another called Twister, and so on and so on.
Ethereum，一个尝试去把上百万的连接在一起却没被使用的硬盘联机起来的项目来创造一个发散性的网络，没有人能够控制。现在，我们以前当然有过发散性的系统。我们用它做很多事情从Skype聊天到搜索外星生命。但是如果你把发散性系统和强大的加密系统联系在一起就会非常非常难以审查和控制。另一个叫做MadiSafe，是相似的系统。还有一个叫做Twister，等等，等等。
extraterrestrial 外星人
And here's the thing -- the more of us join, the more interesting those sites become, and then the more of us join, and so on. And I think that's what's going to happen.
就是这样 -- 更多人的加入让它变的更有趣，然后更多人再接着加入，周而复始。我觉得这是马上要发生的事情。
In fact, it's already happening. The dark net is no longer a den for dealers and a hideout for whistle-blowers. It's already going mainstream.
实际上，它已经发生了。暗网已经不是交易者的窝点或者违法者的藏匿处。它已经日渐主流了。
den 贼窝
hideout 藏匿处
whistle-blower 告密者
Just recently, the musician Aphex Twin released his album as a dark net site. Facebook has started a dark net site. A group of London architects have opened a dark net site for people worried about regeneration projects.
最近，音乐家Aphex Twin 把他新专辑用暗网网站的方式发行。脸书已经有了一个暗网网站地址。一群伦敦的建筑师已经建立了一个暗网网站，提供给担心再生空间计划的人们。
Yes, the dark net is going mainstream, and I predict that fairly soon, every social media company, every major news outlet, and therefore most of you in this audience, will be using the dark net, too.
是的，暗网正在成为主流。我预言，每一个社交网站公司，甚至大型新闻公司，以及你们在座的大部分的人，都很快会开始使用暗网。
So the Internet is about to get more interesting, more exciting, more innovative,more terrible, more destructive. That's good news if you care about liberty. It's good news if you care about freedom. It's good news if you care about democracy. It's also good news if you want to browse for illegal pornography and if you want to buy and sell drugs with impunity. Neither entirely dark, nor entirely light. It's not one side or the other that's going to win out, but both.
所以互联网正在变得更加有趣、更激动人心、更创新、更可怕、更具毁灭性。如果你在乎自由，这是好消息。如果你在乎民主，这是好消息。如果你想看非法成人影像，这也是好消息。若你想买卖毒品并且逃脱制裁，这是好消息。并非全是黑暗，但也并非光彩。黑暗和光明并不会完全对立，而将会并存于此。
impunity 无罪
Thankyou very much, indeed.
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